The roman monument of Caius Vibius and the adjacent spring that mark this spot on the way to Kavala are mentioned by many travelers, beginning with Cyriacus of Ancona who passed through the region between 1426 and 1430.
The nearby mound was identified as a prehistoric site in the years 1917-1918 by C. W. Blegen and F. B. Welch, who collected fragments of pottery and other objects from its surface.
According to L. Heuzey, “a superstition attaches to the white powder that is obtained by scratching the marble of Dikili Tash the ability to give milk in nursing mothers: it has been devoured by the knives of villagers …; over half of the inscription has been destroyed in this way” (L. Heuzey, H. Daumet, Mission archéologique de Macédoine [1876], p. 45).
The first investigations were conducted in 1920 by Louis Renaudin, then a member of the French School at Athens. He returned to the field in 1921 and 1922, identified several superimposed occupation layers in the centre of the tell, and collected many objects. Among these, the Neolithic anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines were given special attention. Two Roman « heroa » were also identified close to the spring, but these could be instead the foundations of a triumphal arch built at the eastern exit of the city of Philippi. His works are briefly mentioned in the Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique.
A series of analyses of architectural fragments that were conducted at the Geophen Laboratory in Caen, confirmed what had already been suggested by macroscopic observation and experiments : specific strategies existed for the sampling, mixing, and use of building clay. These strategies concerned the choice of clay, the preparation of the mixture by means of purification or addition of non-plastic materials, and the shaping and arrangement of the different construction elements. It became clear that the operational sequence was not only complex but also relatively standardised, especially for combustion structures, as early as the Late Neolithic period.
Organic residues may either be preserved as a crust on a ceramic surface or through impregnation of porous vessel walls. They are usually amorphous. Residues preserve in very small quantities and are often highly degraded, identifiable only in how they correspond to complex molecular compositions. A range of physicochemical analytical techniques are used for their characterization, such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Gas Chromatography combined with Mass Spectrometry. Taking into account the properties of the identified materials (e.g., subcutaneous animal fat, dairy products, vegetal oils, wax, or adhesives), one can create inferences regarding the use of vessels..
Excavation of the prehistoric levels has unearthed a considerable quantity of charred plant remains, including wood charcoal used as building material or fuel, and grains and fruits brought to the site for food or for other purposes (e.g. medicines, fuel, building, or weaving material). More or less systematic collection of plant remains has been on-going since 1989, and today intensive total sampling is employed in certain parts of the excavation, as is the case of House 1. Charcoal and other plant macroremains provide a precious source of information on the past environment surrounding the site, agricultural practices, diet, and building practices (as when plants were added to the building clay). At the same time, these remains provide excellent samples for radiocarbon dating : at present, more than forty dates have been obtained from such remains just in the Neolithic. Some of these dates, obtained from grains found in situ inside the houses, reach a precision of ± 20 years, dating the destruction of the houses to within a few decades.
1961
Greek team : Dimitrios Théocharis, Maria Théochari, Katérina Rhomiopoulou
Archaeologists-Students :Haïdo Koukouli, Kalliopi Nikolaïdou
Student in architecture : Despina Aïvazoglou
Technicians : Anastasios Aggelidis, Démétrios Doukas, Nikolaos Tricaliotis, Pavlos Tzitzifakis, Nikolaos Xatzoulas
French team : Jean Deshayes
Archaeologists : Philippe Bruneau, Fernande Ducat, Jean Ducat, Milutin Garasanin, Vladimir Popovic, Claude Vatin
Student in architecture : Eleutherios Emmanouilidis
View of sector A2 during excavation (1961), towards the West.
1967
Greek team : Dimitrios Théocharis, Maria Théochari, Katérina Rhomiopoulou
Archaeologists : Haïdo Koukouli, Athanasios Tzaphalias
Technician : Markos Nikolarakis
French team : Jean Deshayes
Archaeologists : Jean-Pierre Michaud, Jean-Pierre Olivier, Michel Séfériadès, René Treuil
Architect : Jean Blécon
Technician : R. Moulet
Conservator : G. Faure
1969
French team : Jean Deshayes
Archaeologists : Serge Cleuziou, Jean-Paul Demoule, L. Demoule, Martine Fourmont, Cl. Herrenschmidt, Cl. Malécot, C. Marmoz, Michel Séfériadès, René Treuil, E. Vergnolle
Architect : Jean Blécon
Illustrator : Marie-Christine Poussineau
Conservators : G. Faure, S. Maras
Part of the 1969 team: from left to right L. Demoule, S. Cleuziou, J.-P. Demoule, C. Marmoz, J. Deshayes.
1972
French team : Jean Deshayes
Archaeologists : Rémy Boucharlat, Sylvestre Dupré, Michel Séfériadès, René Treuil
Pottery specialist : Liliane Courtois
Architect : Jean Blécon
Illustrator : Vélissarios Anagnostopoulos
Conservator : G. Faure
1974
French team : Jean Deshayes
Archaeologists : Yves Calvet, Michel Séfériadès, Gilles Touchais
Architect : Jean Blécon
Illustrators : J. Chevalier, Vélissarios Anagnostopoulos
1975
French team : Jean Deshayes
Archaeologists : Sylvestre Dupré, Anna Philippa, Gilles Touchais
Illustrator : Vélissarios Anagnostopoulos
1986
Haïdo Koukouli-Chryssanthaki, René Treuil
Field supervisors : Alexandra Christopoulou, Pascal Darcque
Archaeologists and students : Jean-Paul Demoule, Alexandre Farnoux, Irini Gavrilaki, Marie-Hélène Georgiadou, L. Houdaverdoglou, Katérina Rhomiopoulou. Katérina Péristéri, Josette Renard, Angeliki Koukouvou, Dimitra Malamidou, Christina Marangou, Sylvie Müller, Stratis Papadopoulos, T. Papanikolaou
Geomorphologist : Lucien Faugères
Topographe : Etienne Richard
Illustrator : Vélissarios Anagnostopoulos
Part of the 1986 team: from left to right V. Anagnostopoulos, M.-H. Georgiadou, O. Picard (director of the French School), I. Gavrilaki, E. Richard, P. Darcque, R. Treuil, K. Romiopoulou.
1987
Haïdo Koukouli-Chryssanthaki, René Treuil
Field supervisors : Alexandra Christopoulou, Pascal Darcque
Archaeologists and students : Alexandre Farnoux, Marie-Hélène Georgiadou, Eléni Gérondakou, Vaïa Ikonomidou, Liliane Karali-Yannacopoulos, Angéliki Koukouvou, Georgia Kourtessi-Philippaki, Dimitra Malamidou, Christina Marangou, Katérina Péristéri, Stratis Papadopoulos, Olga Polychronopoulou, Josette Renard, Iphigénia Tournavitou
Geomorphologist : Lucien Faugères
Topographers : Etienne Richard, Jean-Philippe Guyon
Illustrator : Vélissarios Anagnostopoulos
Photographer : Philippe Collet
Part of the 1987 team: from left to right P. Darcque, D. Malamidou, A. Koukouvou, R. Treuil.
1989
Greek team : Haïdo Koukouli-Chryssanthaki
Field supervisors : Aggeliki Koukouvou, Dimitra Malamidou
Archaeologists and students : Natassa Baltatzi, Efi Doulgeri, Heleni Gerondakou, Anastasia Michailidou
Illustrator : Kyriaki Papadopoulou
Technicians : Georgios Anderadis, Vasilis Elbasidis, Michalis Papadopoulos
French team :René Treuil, Pascal Darcque
Archaeologists and students : Jean-François Croz , Cécile Froment , Alexandra Kalogirou, Christina Marangou, Olga Polychronopoulou, Georgia Poursoulis , Gilles Touchais, Laurence Rebillard , Zoï Tsirtsoni, Eleuthéria Vlachou,
Archaeobotanist : Isabelle Erard-Cerceau
Geographer : Lucien Faugères
Conservators : Dimitrios Karolidis, Aristophanis Konstantatos, Polytimi Loukopoulou
Illustrator : Vélissarios Anagnostopoulos
Part of the 1989 team: from left to right, first row, P. Loukopoulou, R. Treuil, G. Touchais ; 2nd row, A. Konstantatos, Z. Tsirtsoni, J.-Fr. Croz, G. Poursoulis, L. Rebillard, E. Vlachou, M.-Fr. Treuil, C. Froment, O. Polychronopoulou, V. Anagnostopoulos, J.-P. Demoule, P. Darcque.
1991
French team : René Treuil, Pascal Darcque, Josette Renard, Gilles Touchais
Archaeologists and students :Catherine Besson, Laure Boulineau, Christophe Fernandez, Cécile Froment, Frédéric Herbaut, Désirée Neisius, Laurent Pesqueur, Olga Polychronopoulou, Sophie Pornet, Sandra Prévost, Mathilde Renard, Zoï Tsirtsoni
Archaeobotanist : George Willcox
Archaezoologist : Daniel Helmer
Conservators : Aristophanis Konstandatos, Polytimi Loukopoulou
Illustrator : Vélissarios Anagnostopoulos
1993
Greek team : Haïdo Koukouli-Chryssanthaki
Field supervisor : Dimitra Malamidou
Archaeologists and students : Κonstantia Amoiridou, Anastasia Ioannidou, Alexandra Pyrsou, Αnne Sandars, Paraskevi Yiouni
Illustrator : Kyriaki Papadopoulou
Conservator : Panagiotis Tzanetakis
Technicians : Vasilis Elbasidis, Michalis Papadopoulos
French team : René Treuil, Pascal Darcque, Gilles Touchais
Archaeologists and students : Laure Boulineau, Alain Dandrau, Véronique Frgacic, Cécile Froment, Ioulia Gavriilidou, Nathalie Godfroi, Frédéric Herbaut, Petrika Lera , Sylvia Martinez, Désirée Neisius, Eléni Nodarou, Lissina Prendi, Sandra Prévost, Zoï Tsirtsoni, Panayotis Vouzas
Geomorphologist : Rémi Dalongeville
Archaeobotanist : George Willcox
Palynologist : Claudine Schutz
Sociobotanist : Frédéric Bendali
Conservators : Aristophanis Konstandatos, Polytimi Loukopoulou
Illustrator : Vélissarios Anagnostopoulos
Excavation of Sector V in 1993.
1994
Greek team : Haïdo Koukouli-Chryssanthaki
Field supervisor : Dimitra Malamidou
Archaeologists and students : Konstantia Amoiridou, Lucy Douglas de Finzi, Eliza Kavaraki, David Leigh, Kelen Mattews, Alexandra Pyrsou, Anne Sandars, Maria Stabouloglou, Sevi Triantaphyllou,
Archaeobotanists : Soutana Valamoti, Maria Magafa, Maria Gianelou
Architect : Nikos Lianos
Illustrators : Anastasia Karakatsani, Anna Konstantara, Kyriaki Papadopoulou,
Conservator : Panagiotis Tzanetakis
Technicians : Vasilis Elbasidis, Michalis Papadopoulos
1995
Greek team : Haïdo Koukouli-Chryssanthaki
Field supervisor : Dimitra Malamidou
Archaeologists and students : Konstantia Amoiridou, Maria Gianelou, Eudocia Phaneromenou
Architect : Charalambos Romanidis
Illustrator : Kyriaki Papadopoulou
Conservator : Panagiotis Tzanetakis
Technicians : Vasilis Elbasidis, Heleni Tzenetaki
French team : René Treuil, Pascal Darcque, Nathalie Godfroi
Archaeologists and students : Laure Boulineau, Alain Dandrau, Cécile Froment, Ioulia Gavriilidou, Sylvia Martinez , Désirée Neisius , Sandra Prévost , E. Stamatatou, Zoï Tsirtsoni
Archaezoologist : D. Helmer
Archaeobotanist : George Willcox
Conservators : Aristophanis Konstandatos, Vanessa Papageorgiou
Illustrator : Vélissarios Anagnostopoulos
1996
Greek team : Haïdo Koukouli-Chryssanthaki
Field supervisor : Dimitra Malamidou
Archaeologists : Konstantia Amoiridou, Αrchontoula Mavridou, Ν. Τzeli
Students : Bllanca Fayas, Μaria Kaiafa, Maria Paipeti, Μaria Psarou
Architect : Charalampos Romanidis
Illustrator : Αnna Kostandara
Conservators : Panagiotis Tzanetakis, Dimitris Siabanopoulos
2008
Pascal Darcque,Haïdo Koukouli-Chryssanthaki, Dimitra Malamidou, Zoï Tsirtsoni
Trench supervisors : Cécile Oberweiler, Sandra Prévost-Dermarkar, Tatiana Théodoropoulou
Archaeobotanist : Tania Valamoti
Topographers : Frédéric Bernard (INRAP), Lionel Fadin (EFA), Vincent Dargery (stagiaire)
Coordinator of graphic production : Frédéric Bourguignon (NOVA CELLA agency)
Illustrators : Samuel Monnet, Charalambos Romanidis
Geomorphologist : Cécile Germain-Vallée
Conservators : Panayotis Tzanetakis, Sophie-Jeanne Vidal
Site manager: Michalis Karavélidis
Photographers : Christophe Gaston, Maia Pomadère
Archaeologists and students : Marion Bernard, Céline Choquenet, Eutychia Daskalopoulou, Nicolas Doutau, Maud Goldscheider, Stathis Iliadis, Angeliki Karathanou, Georgia Katsiti, Maria-Niki Koutsoukou, Maria-Sophia Marinaki, Frédéric Mercier, Maria Palaiologou, Anna Panagiotou, Thomas Raptis, Tania Siopi, Nathalie Thomas, Fani Toti, Anna-Wilma Xylaki
Workmen : Kyriazis Archontoglou, Tafil Bicaco (« Spyros »), Vassilis Giannakidis, Kostas Karavasiliadis, Iannis Koumridis, Stéphan Larakou, Georgios Patsatzis et Savvas Raptis.
The 2008 team..
2010
Pascal Darcque,Haïdo Koukouli-Chryssanthaki, Dimitra Malamidou, Zoï Tsirtsoni
Trench supervisors : Nicolas Doutau, Michalis Lychounas, Maria Palaiologou, Sandra Prévost-Dermarkar, Tania Siopi
Archaeobotanist : Tania Valamoti
Topographers : Lionel Fadin (EFA), Simon Budin et Alexandre Masalski (stagiaires)
Coordinator of graphic production : Frédéric Bourguignon (NOVA CELLA agency)
Illustrator : Samuel Monnet
Conservator : Marion Bernard
Geomorphologists : Cécile Germain-Vallée, Laurent Lespez, Robert Davidson
Site manager : Michalis Karavélidis
Archaeologists and students : Evgenia Achimastou, Elefthéria Almasidou, Magali Benet, , Anaïs Boucher, Céline Choquenet, Christina Evangelidou, Argyris Fassoulas, Angeliki Karathanou, Ria Kiorpé, Martha Kokkidou, Tobias Krapf, Ange Lotode, Hariklia Mourtarakou, Chrysa Pétridou, Eléni Télioridou, Efthimia Tsiolaki, Evangelia Vliora, César Watroba, Stavros Zachariadis
Workmen : Kyriazis Archontoglou, Christos Arnaoutoglou, Tafil Bicaco (« Spyros »), Vassilis Karavasiliadis, Stéphan Larakou, Jordanis Mengidis
Web site : Julien Mahoudeau (ALTEARCH-MEDIATION agency)
The 2010 field team.
2012
Pascal Darcque,Haïdo Koukouli-Chryssanthaki, Dimitra Malamidou, Zoï Tsirtsoni
Trench supervisors : Céline Choquenet, Sandra Prévost-Dermarkar
Archaeobotanist : Tania Valamoti
Topographers : Lionel Fadin, Soufiane Laqbayli, Kévin Guadagnini
Coordinator of graphic production : Frédéric Bourguignon (NOVA CELLA agency)
Illustrator : Rozenn Douaud, Samuel Monnet, Pauline Ramis
Conservator : Marion Bernard, Eleni Nikolouzou
Geomorphologists : Laurent Lespez, Robert Davidson
Site manager : Michalis Karavélidis
Archaeologists and students : Eleftheria Almasidou, Nektaria Bolou, Anaïs Boucher, Zoé Cahier-Proust, Aurélien Creuzieux, Christina Evangelidou, Sylvain Grosfilley, Katerina Karatasaki, Martha Kokkidou, Dialegmenos Mengidis, Eudoxia Mintzaridou, Bérengère Pérello, Chrysi Petridou, Zina Stratiadou, Eleni Télioridou, César Watroba
Workmen : Kyriazis Archontoglou, Vassilis Karavelidis, Stéphan Larakou, Archontia Mylonidou, Johny Topalli
Web site : Julien Mahoudeau (ALTEARCH-MEDIATION agency)
L’équipe Dikili Tash 2010.
2013
Pascal Darcque,Haïdo Koukouli-Chryssanthaki, Dimitra Malamidou, Zoï Tsirtsoni
Trench supervisors : Sandra Prévost-Dermarkar
Archaeobotanist : Tania Valamoti
Topographers : Lionel Fadin, Vincent Depond, Olivier Gannat
Coordinator of graphic production : Frédéric Bourguignon (NOVA CELLA agency)
Illustrator : Rozenn Douaud, Samuel Monnet
Conservator : Marion Bernard, Olga Simitsi, Georgia Velivasaki
Geomorphologists : Laurent Lespez, Robert Davidson, Arthur Glais
Micromorphologist : Cécile Germain-Vallée
Material scientist, expert in XRF analysis : Sariel Shalev
Chemist, expert in organic residue analysis : Nicolas Garnier
Site manager : Michalis Karavélidis
Archaeologists and students : Anaïs Boucher, Céline Choquenet, Argyris Fassoulas, Sylvain Grosfilley, Katerina Karatasaki, Martha Kokkidou, Menia Papadopoulou, Clémence Pagnoux, Bérengère Pérello, Chrysi Petridou, Eleni Télioridou
Workmen : Kyriazis Archontoglou, Vassilis Karavelidis, Stephan Larakou, Archonti Mylonidou