Toumba is a quarter of east side Thessaloniki, Greece. It is divided into Ano Toumba and Kato Toumba (Upper and Lower Toumba) by a flume, and it is part of 4th Division of Thessaloniki Municipality.
In archaeology the term Toumba stands for mounds covering Bronze and early Iron Age settlements. They were considered as Grave hills, hence the name that derived from the word Tomb, but excavations showed that they are tells. The mound that rises in the area gave the neighbourhood its name.
History
The archaeological site of Toumba in Thessaloniki, discovered in 1895, lies on a plateau in the eastern part of the city. It includes the small conical shaped hill with successive building phases of the Bronze Age (beginning of the 2nd millenium - 1100 B.C.), the Iron Age (1100 - 800 B.C.) and historical times (800 B.C. on down). It spreads out also over the area around the little hill with building remains of the Early Iron Age, archaic (800 - 480 B.C.), classical (480 - 323 B.C.) and early Hellenistic times (323 - 300 B.C.); in addition there are scattered, isolated establishments within a radius of five hundred metres from the settlement and an extensive cemetery.
The town that developed at Toumba Thessaloniki at the inner recess of the Thermaic Gulf, especially from the 6th to the end of the 4th century B.C., had an area of around 95 stremmata. Recent excavations have shown that while it had elements of local tradition it was also open to the influence of the central Aegean area and the main Greek cities of archaic and classical times, particularly Athens. In all probability, the town may be identified as ancient Therme or a section of it. Together with another twenty-five settlements, it formed part of the synoikismos organised by Kassander for the founding of Thessaloniki around 315 B.C. (Strabo VII, 21 and 24).
The town that developed at Toumba Thessaloniki at the inner recess of the Thermaic Gulf, especially from the 6th to the end of the 4th century B.C., had an area of around 95 stremmata. Recent excavations have shown that while it had elements of local tradition it was also open to the influence of the central Aegean area and the main Greek cities of archaic and classical times, particularly Athens. In all probability, the town may be identified as ancient Therme or a section of it. Together with another twenty-five settlements, it formed part of the synoikismos organised by Kassander for the founding of Thessaloniki around 315 B.C. (Strabo VII, 21 and 24).
Description / Site Monuments
The excavations are still in progress, conducted by the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (on the Toumba) and the Greek Archaeological Service (on the Table).
Both excavations have made and continue to make important contributions to understanding the nature of human activity in the prehistoric and early historic periods in Central Macedonia and the Thermaic Gulf.
Greek only : here
Sources / Bibliography / Photos
Η πανεπιστημιακή ανασκαφή στη Τούμπα Θεσσαλονίκης, 2008, AEMΘ 22, Ανδρέου & Ευκλείδου
http://www.wikipedia.org/
Urbanism in the Aegean Bronze Age by Keith Branigan
cf Tiverios, M. 1996. “Επτά χρόνια (1990–1996) αρχαιολογικών ερευνών στη διπλή τράπεζα Αγχιάλου-Σίνδου. Ο αρχαίος οικισμός”. AEMT 10 A: 407–425.
http://195.251.117.186
Kosm1fent http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Kosm1fent
K. Kotsakis & S. Andreou 1999. “Mycenaean presence? Mycenaean periphery?; Toumba Thessalonikis, Bronze Age site in Macedonia” The periphery of the Mycenaean World (in Greek). Lamia.
Geometric Greece: 900-700 BC by John Nicolas Coldstream
Geometric Greece: 900-700 BC by John Nicolas Coldstream
http://www.academia.edu
http://odysseus.culture.gr
Archaeology of burial mound at Toumba(Toumba at Lefkandi in Euboea).
Archaeology of burial mound at Toumba(Toumba at Lefkandi in Euboea).
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